Promoting Reading in Teacher Training: A Pedagogical Challenge for Cuba's Educational System

Abstract

This theoretical reflection essay explores the complexities inherent in neonatal health in Cuba, promoting a critical perspective that goes beyond mere infant mortality figures, seeking to highlight the friction between health achievements and the country's socioeconomic circumstances. Its central purpose is to argue in favor of the neonatal dignity model, a conceptual framework that combines the technical advances of the health system with the ethical validation of all participants and the human rights of families. Through an analytical and interpretive method, three key points are considered: the disparity between first-level standards and the tangible shortcomings of the health system; the role of health professionals as essential figures affected by the emigration of talent and the lack of supplies; and the urgent need for qualitative indicators that encompass mental and emotional well-being and equality in access to medications. The findings show that, despite historic achievements in primary care, factors such as the economic embargo, cost containment, and pressure on health personnel cause deficiencies in the quality of neonatal care. It also demonstrates that conventional parameters overlook important aspects, such as the psychological impact of childbirth in vulnerable settings. In conclusion, we suggest reformulating the idea of healthcare success from a comprehensive perspective, where human dignity, social justice, and community involvement are key elements. This approach contributes to current debates in Community Psychology and Global Health by connecting theoretical evidence with ideas that seek real change.